Brythonic Deities
The brightest star of the Corona Borealis (Gemma – also called Alphecca),
known as the ‘Silver Wheel’ is associated with the Deity Arianrhod
The Deities (Gods & Goddesses) of the Brythonic speaking peoples. Originally the Brythonic languages would have been spoken across the whole of the mainland of England, Wales the Eastern side of Scotland (Picts) and Breton (Brittany); the only languages now left extant are Welsh, Cornish and Breton (Cumbric disappeared in the 12th century).
Also included are some of the ‘Otherworldly beings’ where importance is given to them by the peoples of an area.
Deities are listed in alphabetical order. A new drop-down system is currently being installed. Click the arrow to the left of the Deities name to open the information.
Aericurus/Arecurius
Origin/Association
Northumberland/
Description
One inscription on an altar stone – possibly responsible for Aericura being named as a male God on many sites
Agrona
Origin – Association
Welsh – Strife/Slaughter vs. Crops
Description
A Goddess of the river Aeron – although listed as associated with strife and slaughter, the name Agrona comes from the same root-source as the modern English word Agrinomy ‘crop & field management'(Greek ‘Agros’ = field & Nomos = manage) – and the river name ‘Aeron’ means ‘berries’ in Welsh.
Amaethon
Origin – Association
Welsh – God of Agriculture
Description
Son of Don and brother of Gwydion. He was engaged in a mythical battle with Arawn
Name of Deity
Origin
Association
Description
Andraste
Albion
Goddess of War – The patron Goddess of the Iceni tribe.
This war Goddess’ name means “the invincible one”. Her presence was evoked on the eve of battle to curry favor, and possible ritual sacrifices were given to her. Queen Boadiccea of the Iceni offered sacrifices to Andraste in a sacred grove before fighting the Romans on her many campaigns against them.
Anextiomarus
Albion
British- Celtic Tribal Deity
Arawn
Welsh
Death/Agriculture
King of Annwn, He was the King of the Underworld. His name means “silver-tongued”. “King of Hell”, “God of Annwn”
He fought in the Battle of the Trees (Cad Goddeu) with Bran against Amathaon and Gwyddion. Arawn, like most Otherworld Gods, was a master hunter who rode a pale horse and rode with a pack of white hounds with red ears. The archetypal purpose of the hunt was to gather souls for the Otherworld if the quarry was not smart enough to evade the chase.
Arawn possessed a magickal cauldron of regeneration, later captured by King Arthur.
Arianrhod
Welsh
Moon Goddess -SilverWheel – Corona Borealis
d. of Donn, s. of Gwydion & m. of Lleu Llaw Gyffes & Dylan. She is usually depicted as a pale skinned, fair headed Goddess. Her symbols include the Silver Wheel, weaving implements the full moon and Corona Borealis.
Arnemetia
Albion
Water Goddess
Her shrine was at Aquae Arnemetiae (“waters of Arnemetia”), which is now Buxton in Derbyshire, England. Her name contains Celtic elements “are” meaning “against or beside” and nemeton, meaning “sacred grove”. Her name would then mean “She who dwells in the sacred grove” suggesting Arnemetia may be a divine epithet rather than a name in its own right.
Belenus
All locations
God of Fire/Sun
Also known as Belenos, Belenus means “the Shining God”. he was worshipped as a Sun God by the Celts across Continental Europe, Britain and Ireland and is regarded by modern historians as a common Celtic God.
Belisama
Albion
Goddess of River Ribble
A Goddess worshipped in Gaul. She is identified with Minerva in the interpretatio romana. The prescence of the Goddess in Britain is more difficult to establish. Based on Ptolemy listing a “Belisama estuary”, River Ribble in England seems to have been known by the name Belisama in Roman times.
Bendigeidfran
Welsh
Warrior God
Brother Brenwan & Manawydan. The giant King who walked across to Ireland from Wales to confront the abuser of Branwen
Bran
Irish & Welsh
Hero God – Associated with Ravens
Branwen
Welsh
Love
Daughter of Llyr
Breg
Means ‘of the Earth’
Briganti
Albion
Birth/Midwifer
Goddess of the Brigantes tribe
Brigindo
Albion
Flocks/Cattle
Also connected with the Brigantes tribe
Britannia
Albion
Protection
Romano-Celtic Deity
Brownie
Scottish
Benevolent Goblin
Cailleach Beara
Irish/ Scottish
Rebirth
Classified as an Old Hag
Camulos
Albion
War God
Deity associated with Colchester
Caswallawn
Albion
War God
Ceridwen
Welsh
War Goddess also Corn Goddess
Clota
Albion
Goddess of River Clyde
Cocidius
Albion
Hunting Deity
Northern Britain
Condatis
Albion
River God
Coventina
Albion
Water/Springs
Carrawburgh – Hadrian’s Wall
Creiddylad
Welsh
Goddess of the Sea
Shakespeare based his character Cordelia on her
Cyhiraeth
Welsh
Goddess of Streams
Her shriek foretold death
Dewi
Welsh
Fertility God
Y Ddraig Goch- (The Red Dragon)
Dis Domnu
Supreme Celtic God
A Name also used by Caesar
Don
Welsh
Goddess
Counterpart Danu
Dylan
Welsh
Sea God
Brother of Lleu, son of Gwydion
Edain
Goddess associated with Riding
Counterpart of Epona
Epona
Goddess of Horses
Esus
Agriculture
Celtic – lord/master deity of the Essuvi
Govannon
Welsh
God of Smiths
son of Don, brothers Amathaon and Gwydion
Gwenn Teir Bronn
Goddess of Motherhood
Gwydion
Welsh
Warrior/Bard/Magician
son of Don & Beli, father of Lleu & Dylan by his sister Arianrhod
Hafren (Romanised name Sabrina)
Welsh
Goddess of the River Severn
A legendary princess who was drowned by Gwendolen in the river and made Goddess. Afon Hafren is the Welsh name for the river Severn.
Hooded Spirits
Triad of Celtic deities
Healing and fertility
Hu Gadarn
Welsh
God of Music?
HU – creative word, seed of fire, first sound
Lleu Llaw Gyffes
Welsh
Hero God
Son of Arianrhod and Gwydion
Llyr
Welsh
Sea God
F. of Bran, Branwen, and Manannan
Manawydan ap Llyr
Sea
Maponos
Youth
Math Mathonwy
Sorcery
Murigen
Lake
possibly = Morgan
Nantosuelta
Water
Neit
War
Nemain
Battle
Nemetona
Shrines
Nodens/Nodons
Reference to the River Severn
Nuada (Nuadha)
Leader
Ogma/Ogmios
Eloquence/Learning
Pwyll
Underworld
Rhiannon
Moon
Known as the Silver Wheel – The Aurora Borealis
Rigantona
Moon
May be a counterpart to Rhiannon
Rosmerta
Plenty
Rudianos
Local
Sabrina
[English name]
River Severn
Romanised name for Hafren.
Saone (Souconna)
River
Scathach
War Training
Segomo
War
Shoney
Sea
Sirona (Dirona]
Local
Smertrios
Warrior
Sucellus (Sucellos)
Fertility/Dead
Sul (Sulla)
Hot Springs
Tailtiu
Earth
Tamesis
Fresh Earth
Taranis (Taran)
Thunder
Tarvos (Taruos) Trigaranos
Bull
Tethra
Old name for the Sea
Verbeia
River Wharfe
Yonne (Icauni)
River
References:
- Beck, Noémie (2009). Goddesses in Celtic Religion—Cult and Mythology: A Comparative Study of Ancient Ireland, Britain and Gaul (PhD thesis). Université Lumière Lyon 2, University College of Dublin.
- Ellis, Peter Berresford, Dictionary of Celtic Mythology (Oxford Paperback Reference), Oxford University Press, (1994): ISBN 0-19-508961-8
- Green, Miranda (2004). The gods of the Celts. Sparkford, UK: Sutton Publishing.
- Wood, Juliette, The Celts: Life, Myth, and Art, Thorsons Publishers (2002): ISBN 0-00-764059-5